CARCINOMA OF BREAST

Ques. 1  What is meant by carcinoma of Breast ?

Ans. Carcinoma of breast is the most common lethal cancer of women. The exact cause is unknown, though it seems likely than an abnormal reaction to hormones, principally estrogens, plays a role in genesis of breast cancer. However it. Is not possible by hormone tests to identify women who may be susceptible on this basis.

1. The spread of breast cancer is principally by metastasis to the regional lymph nodes. Haematogenous spread of mammary carcinoma is common – Dissemination to the pelvis, spine, femur, humerus, skull, liver or lungs is frequent. Breast cancer is also manifested clinically as a firm of hard, nontender, fixed mass of lump with ill-defined margins.
2. A familial predisposition to breast cancer is recognised and cancer tends to occur at an early age in such families.

Ques. 2 What are the types of Breast carcinoma?

Ans.  Principally 4 varieties of breast cancer –

• Adenocarcinoma – This cancer is soft and voluminous.
• Intraductal carcinoma- It grows along and within lactiferous ducts (2 types- Intraductal papillary carcinoma and intra-ductal comedocarcinoma).
• Scirrhous carcinoma- This is a hard, irregular, unencapsulated adherent nodule whose cut surface is grayish and translucent.
• Medullary carcinoma – This is a soft bulky tumor with a propensity to ulcerate and form a fungating surface ulceration.

Ques.

Ans.  CLINICAL FINDINGS –

• Examination of the breast should be methodical, meticulous, and delicate; initially, careful inspection and palpation should be done.
• X-Ray Findings : Mammography – Great helpful in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
• Biopsy – Breast biopsy is indicated in cases of persistent breast mass, bloody nipple discharge, eczematous nipple changes and suspicious or positive mammography.
• A painless lump is the initial finding in the great majority of cases of breast cancer.
• Nipple discharge or ulceration, itching, retraction, or pain is occasionally reported.

Ques. 4 Can we prevent Breast carcinoma?

Ans. Prevention – Because the cause is unknown and probably multiple, prevention is not possible. Death can be postponed and serious complications partially and completely avoided by early diagnosis and prompt therapy.

Ques. 5 How can the breast carcinoma case be managed?

Ans.   MANAGEMENT –

• Radiation therapy.
• Surgical – (i) Simple mastectomy. (ii) Standard radical mastectomy (iii) Modified radical mastectomy

Prognosis -  Evidence is mounting that breast cancer is systemic as well as a neoplastic disease and that prognosis is therefore closely related to cell-mediated immune defenses against the tumor.

Ques. 6 Which Homoeopathic medicines can be useful in this case?

Ans.  Homoeopathic remedies –

• GRAPHITES – If developed from old cicatrices formed from repeated abscesses in the mammae.
• KREOSOTE – The whole mammary gland is hard, bluish-red and covered with little scurfy protuberances, from which blood oozes out whenever the scurf is removed.
• LACHESIS – The cancer has a bluish or dark red base, interspersed with black streaks of coagulated or decomposed blood.
• APIS MELL – Induration; scirrhous, or open cancers, attended with ‘stinging burning’ pains.
• ARSENIC ALB – Burning like fire. Putrid exhalationsThe exact cause is unknown, though it seems likely than an abnormal reaction to hormones, principally estrogens, plays a role in genesis of breast cancer. However it. Is not possible by hormone tests to identify women who may be susceptible on this basis.
  1. The spread of breast cancer is principally by metastasis to the regional lymph nodes. Haematogenous spread of mammary carcinoma is common – Dissemination to the pelvis, spine, femur, humerus, skull, liver or lungs is frequent. Breast cancer is also manifested clinically as a firm of hard, nontender, fixed mass of lump with ill-defined margins.
  2. A familial predisposition to breast cancer is recognised and cancer tends to occur at an early age in such families.

  Ques. 2 What are the types of Breast carcinoma?

  Ans.  Principally 4 varieties of breast cancer –

  • Adenocarcinoma – This cancer is soft and voluminous.
  • Intraductal carcinoma- It grows along and within lactiferous ducts (2 types- Intraductal papillary carcinoma and intra-ductal comedocarcinoma).
  • Scirrhous carcinoma- This is a hard, irregular, unencapsulated adherent nodule whose cut surface is grayish and translucent.
  • Medullary carcinoma – This is a soft bulky tumor with a propensity to ulcerate and form a fungating surface ulceration.

  Ques. 3 What are the clinical findings of this disease?

  Ans.  CLINICAL FINDINGS –

  • Examination of the breast should be methodical, meticulous, and delicate; initially, careful inspection and palpation should be done.
  • X-Ray Findings : Mammography – Great helpful in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
  • Biopsy – Breast biopsy is indicated in cases of persistent breast mass, bloody nipple discharge, eczematous nipple changes and suspicious or positive mammography.
  • A painless lump is the initial finding in the great majority of cases of breast cancer.
  • Nipple discharge or ulceration, itching, retraction, or pain is occasionally reported.

  Ques. 4 Can we prevent Breast carcinoma?

  Ans. Prevention – Because the cause is unknown and probably multiple, prevention is not possible. Death can be postponed and serious complications partially and completely avoided by early diagnosis and prompt therapy.

  Ques. 5 How can the breast carcinoma case be managed?

  Ans.   MANAGEMENT –

  • Radiation therapy.
  • Surgical – (i) Simple mastectomy. (ii) Standard radical mastectomy (iii) Modified radical mastectomy

  Prognosis -  Evidence is mounting that breast cancer is systemic as well as a neoplastic disease and that prognosis is therefore closely related to cell-mediated immune defenses against the tumor.

  Ques. 6 Which Homoeopathic medicines can be useful in this case?

  Ans.  Homoeopathic remedies –

  • GRAPHITES – If developed from old cicatrices formed from repeated abscesses in the mammae.
  • KREOSOTE – The whole mammary gland is hard, bluish-red and covered with little scurfy protuberances, from which blood oozes out whenever the scurf is removed.
  • LACHESIS – The cancer has a bluish or dark red base, interspersed with black streaks of coagulated or decomposed blood.
  • APIS MELL – Induration; scirrhous, or open cancers, attended with ‘stinging burning’ pains.
  • ARSENIC ALB – Burning like fire. Putrid exhalations. Waxy paleness, great debility from the cancerous affection. Great loss of flesh.
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